Radiology of the chest in neonates

Abstract 

The unique diseases encountered in the neonate, their small size, fragile nature and increased susceptibility to the damaging effects of radiation all combine to make their imaging both challenging and interesting for the radiologist and radiographer. All radiation exposures must be justified. Meticulous attention to detail is a prerequisite to performing a good chest x-ray in young infants, requiring dedicated staff and equipment. Low dose techniques and adequate lead protection must always be employed. A knowledge of the normal radiological anatomy in the neonate are essential for correct interpretation of the films, as well as the appearance and evolution of the disease processes which occur in this age group. A team approach with good communication between obstetricians, paediatric surgeons, neonatologists and radiologists is vital as interpretation of the images is dependent on many clinical and technical factors. Different imaging modalities are available each with specific uses, risks and limitations, knowledge of which is necessary for their appropriate use. An overview of many of the common abnormalities seen in the chest in the newborn period is described and illustrated.

Keywords:  neonatal chest, radiology