Current Paediatrics RSS feed: Current Issue. http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Current Paediatrics0957-5839167December 2006 © 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001734/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S0957-5839(06)00173-4Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3iihttp://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS095758390600131X/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Tourette syndrome is now recognised as affecting 1% of school-age children and covers a wide range of severity ranging from a diagnostic combination of mild and simple motor and vocal tics to a severely intrusive movement disorder with associated co-morbidities, the most common of which are obsessive–compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It is a familial condition, but the genetic mechanism has yet to be identified. The neurobiology is also still not understood, and the major research themes are neuroimaging and neuroimmunology, with a controversial hypothesis relating to basal ganglion antibodies secondary to group A streptococcal infection. Management is with psychological techniques, neuroleptic drugs, clonidine, stimulants and selective serotonin uptake inhibitors. Most recently, deep brain stimulation to the basal ganglia or thalami has been applied in adults, but substantial data in this area are awaited.Tourette's and ticsJeremy S. Stern10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.021Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Psychiatry459463http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001205/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Children and adolescents are more prone to developing psychological reactions to major adverse life events such as serious accidents, natural and man-made disasters and abduction. Post-traumatic stress disorder is the commonly occurring psychiatric diagnosis following such events. Chronic trauma from intrafamilial child abuse, domestic violence, wars and civil conflicts is likely to affect the developing brain and personality and have even more profound adverse effects. These effects are outlined and the treatment approaches which are evidence-based are described, together with easily accessed resource material.When is counselling indicated after a major traumatic life event?Dora Black, Guinevere Tufnell10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.010Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Psychiatry464471http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001217/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Antisocial behaviour in children and adolescents is a common problem presented to professional involved with child health. This paper describes recent advances in the understanding of its aetiology and management.Understanding violent and antisocial behaviour in children and adolescentsKaren Baker10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.011Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Psychiatry472477http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001321/abstract?rss=yesSummary: There have been a number of significant recent developments in the recognition and management of depression in children. This paper draws on the 2004 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines, and advice about the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors issued by the Committee on the Safety of Medicines in 2004, to review the treatment and management options for children and young people presenting with depressive disorders.Treatment and management of depression in childrenKaren Baker10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.020Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Psychiatry478483http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001229/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Hearing loss is a common disorder in the paediatric community, with between 1 and 3 per 1000 live births being affected with severe-to-profound loss. Without early diagnosis, the sequelae of this condition can affect the child's social and future professional development. Paediatricians may be the first clinicians to review and suspect hearing problems and therefore need a framework for further investigation and management. This article aims to give clinicians an overview of the management of hearing loss in children and to provide a logical approach to the detection, investigation and diagnosis of hearing impairment. The relevance of the early diagnosis cannot be overstated in order to negate and treat this disability, with its potential profound consequences.The diagnosis of hearing loss in children: Common presentations and investigationsAngeles Espeso, David Owens, Gareth Williams10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.012Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Special Needs484488http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001230/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Epilepsy is a major cause of morbidity in autism. The diagnosis and management of epilepsy in autism is complicated by a high prevalence of co-morbid neurodevelopmental disorders and co-medication. The prevalence of epilepsy is highest in those autistic children with cognitive, motor and receptive language difficulties. The underlying pathophysiology of Autism, its high rate of paroxysmal electroencephalographic abnormalities and its association with epilepsy is debated. Suggestions regarding the appropriate investigation and management of autistic children presenting with possible epilepsy are outlined.Management of epilepsy in children with autismDeirdre Peake, Lesley M. Notghi, Sunny Philip10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.013Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Special Needs489494http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001242/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Children with Down's syndrome present with more speech and language impairments then their typically developing peers, but impairments specific to the syndrome have yet to be identified. The range of communication impairments is similar to that encountered in the general paediatric population. Some may experience difficulties with the content (semantics) or the form (grammar, phonology) of the language, or with its use in interpersonal communication (pragmatics). Difficulties may also arise with speech intelligibility, voice and fluency. This article outlines some of the constraints on the development of communication skills encountered by infants and children with Down's syndrome. It provides some suggestions to limit the impact of such constraints and refers the reader to accessible sources for further information.Promoting language development for children with Down's syndromeLiz Marder, Clothra Ní Cholmáin10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.022Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Special Needs495500http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001254/abstract?rss=yesSummary: The social model of disability and the new sociology of childhood emphasise, respectively, the relevance of the environment to participation and the importance of quality of life. Such ideas can be readily understood by and shared between parents, young disabled people, professionals and planners; they also make clearer what we are trying to do when supporting disabled children and their families. This article discusses these concepts and emphasises the importance of expressing them in quantitative terms if they are to influence research, planning and clinical practice.What are we trying to do for disabled children?Allan Colver10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.014Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Symposium: Special Needs501505http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001266/abstract?rss=yesSummary: The Role of the National Clinical Director for Children, Young People and Maternity for England is described and is compared with the role of the Children's Commissioner. The policy context for children, in particular the National Service Framework, is explained, with an emphasis on key health care priorities and progress to date in each area. Newer challenges in children's health, including obesity and the ongoing importance of inequalities, are emphasised, illustrated by infant mortality and childhood accidents, with longstanding unaddressed aspects of children's health care including disability, adolescence and transitions highlighted. Levers for change to improve outcomes for children remain critical to success for the future.The role of the National Clinical Director for children, young people and maternitySheila Shribman10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.015Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Serial: Public Health506511http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001278/abstract?rss=yesSummary: Today, armed conflict affects predominantly civilians, especially women and children, often through the disruption of food supplies and public health services created by complex emergencies. Paediatricians have a duty to ameliorate the effects of war on children. They may do this by advocacy and invoking the United Nations (UN) Charter on the Rights of the Child in their daily work or through direct involvement. If they undertake the latter, they should be suitably prepared in order to reduce risk, to both themselves and others, and to maximise the utility of their contribution. The armed forces have a role to play in the relief of complex emergencies, and some paediatricians may choose to contribute by this means.The role of a paediatrician in a war zoneD.R. Heller10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.016Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Occasional Review512516http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS095758390600128X/abstract?rss=yes10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.017Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Self-assessment517519http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001199/abstract?rss=yesEvidence-based medicine (EBM) is supposed to be the way we now all practise. It is no longer acceptable solely to use the reason ‘because we always have’ when asked why we do something. Finding and interpreting the evidence to support a particular treatment or investigation can, however, often be difficult, especially in the area of paediatrics.Tabitha Randell10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.009Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Book Reviews520521http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001291/abstract?rss=yesOf all rotations facing the medical student, perhaps none is as daunting in scope as paediatrics. ‘You thought you knew some medicine—think again,’ seems to be the take-home message from early encounters on the children's ward. Not only are most areas of medicine and surgery represented in force, but also growth and development, adolescent psychology and the terror of examining a squirming child all need to be endured. Most medical students will empathise with the Unicorn in Alice through the Looking Glass who, on being presented with a child for the first time, declares: ‘I always thought they were fabulous monsters. Is it alive?’Benjamin Moor10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.018Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Book Reviews521522http://www.paediatricsjournal.com/article/PIIS0957583906001308/abstract?rss=yesMuch as we all hate them, multiple choice questions seem to have become the standard method of assessment, and by far the best way of preparing for them is practice. Although there are a plethora of MCQ books available, there have until now been very few covering the new-style Part I examination.Robin Marlow10.1016/j.cupe.2006.08.019Current Paediatrics 16, 7 (2006)2006-12-01Current Paediatrics2006-12-01167S0957-5839(06)X0059-3Book Reviews522522